EU 2706 is a Bulgarian development and is available in two versions – with nterface machines from single series (EU) and mini machines (SM). In some areas benefited with IBM and PDP, as a joint program with the AP 190 L of the company FPS. In the USSR is equipped with Bulgarian and Russian Machines. Mainly used for multi-machine complexes for research in aerospace, in the oil industry for search of oil and gas fields in the method of “blast”. The largest market share in the sale of array processors from member countries of CMEA there USSR.

ES2706 for its time progressive technology to accelerate computing processes. It was possible concurrent use on more than one processor matrix calculator to accelerate the processes. Its use began in the EU assembly 1035 – Bulgarian production to other machines on a single series, produced in Russia. Complete with IZOT 1014 (EU 1037) was made high performance complex EU 1703 – a central processor and 4 pcs. array processors. It especially enjoyed in data centers oil industry as the search method of oil required processing large amounts of data stored on magnetic media. The idea of ​​using matrix calculations to date and today – naturally at another level of technology.

ZIT-151 is the name of the first series of mainframe computers manufactured in Bulgaria. It was manufactored by the ZIT factory in Sofia under licensing agreement with the Japanese company Fudjitsu. The machine was based on Facom-230-30 designed by the same company. The integration of the manufacturing process started with training of specialists, handing-over of the complete manufacturing documentation and ready-for-assembly components and cabinets imported from Japan. The machines were assembled in ZIT by using wire wrapping connection technology. This technology replaced soldering, i.e. electrical wire wrap tool was used to make connection between wire and pin (cold-welding). The computer series was based on semiconductor elements (diodes and transistors). By 1969 compatible prototypes were successfully manufactured. The manufacturing process was fully established with the help of measuring, control and testing equipmented imported from Japan. The actual production machines were based on components fabricated in Bulgaria. They were fabricated by the Semiconductor Factory in Botevgrad and the actual magnetic materials were replaced by other fabricated in Bulgaria or imported from GDR.

Computer Configuration

• Input/Output Control Panel (typewriter/printer)
• Peripheral Input Devices – punch card reader and punch tape reader
• Peripheral Output Devices – card reader punch, printer
• External data storage devices – tape writers
• Standard components – power supply, CPU cabinet, magnetic memory (RAM), peripheral devices controller
• Alternating-current stabilizer – 25 kW electrical power output limit.

The series of machines was manufactured between 1967 and 1971. They were integrated in the Regional Computing Centers in Bulgaria. The project was under the direct guidance of Ivan Marangozov.

Features

ZIT 151 has capabilities equivalent or better than Facom 230-30. It uses some improvements from Facom 231 increasing the capabilities of the initial machine. The following execution speed was achieved for 10-bit integer arithmetic operations:

addition – 58.3 μs
subtraction – 82.5 μs
multiplication – 850 μs

While the following processing speed was achieved for floating-point instructions:

addition – 150 μs
subtraction – 200 μs
multiplication – 1400 μs

The magnetic-core memory had 2.2 μs access cycle. The memory capacity was increased compared to Facom 231 two times to the maximum 64KChar [2], where har(hartley) is a unit of information equal to log210 = 3,323 bit.

production cooperation

Acquisition of EIM than the original parts supply lease was produced by ZIT made in metal structures of cabinets. In the factory we have developed tools for the production of printed circuit boards, connectors, connecting cables and machining. Chemical processing, drilling and installation of the boards is done in ZIT. PCB soldering is performed on specialized machine purchased “tin wave”. The cabinet OU (operational storage) and the PM (permanent memory) is made based on ferrite cores in ZZU (Plant memory devices) –  Veliko Tarnovo. The production of memory devices on magnetic tape (ZUML) are incorporated under license in the eponymous factory in Plovdiv.. Electric typewriter for input and output of EIM is produced in the factory typewriters – Plovdiv. Japanese card reader and reader tape were replaced with such devices chess company “Arrhythmia”. Wide printing is imported from the US production company “Hewlett Packard” (5 pieces) and Polish production TURBOSNACK • fastest wide print DW 21 produced an English license.

Origins and Development

Licensed production of ZIT 151 in Bulgaria launch production of large Electronic computers. The implementation of this system of production provide the market with a computer, but also create footage for production and maintenance of such equipment, implement technology to produce unknown until then in Bulgaria, create new industrial capacities and livelihood in other places with the construction of factories, cooperated with factory computing machinery. When switching to the production of Electronic computers from a single system (EU) for the socialist camp in zit produced CPU EU 2020 EU system 1020, and supplied all produced Electronic computers in the socialist camp by EU sub disk storage (management plus 6 pcs. storage devices on magnetic disk (ZUMD) – 7 Mb or 29 Mb) and subsystems for storage devices on magnetic tape (control devices plus 6 pcs. peripheral storage devices on magnetic tape ZUML)). In Blagoevgrad produce mechanical structures in the plant for mechanical structures (CEM) in Ruse produce printed items in factory PCB for the entire production of DSO IZOT. In the town. Stara Zagora began production of disk drives, completing all Electronic computers produced in the socialist camp. In Pazardjik Factory magnetic disks are produced precisely crafted media – disk packs ZUMD. Electronics factory in Sofia specializes in the production of power devices such Electronic computers. In Plovdiv two plants – Plant Typewriter Factory storage devices on magnetic tape (ZUML) produce products intended only to supplement leaf Bulgarian peripherals plug into computers from a single system in the USSR, Hungary (EU 1010), GDR (German democratic Republic) (EU 1040) and Bulgaria (EU 1020).

Sources
((En)) Computer Museum. ZUML Fujitsu Facom 603B
((En)) Computer Museum. Historically, computer Fujitsu Facom 230 (Fujitsu 230-30). Picture of Data Center with 230-30

3. http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%98%D0%A2-151

ES-1020 COMPUTER

Developers: The chief designer – Przhiyalkovsky V. V. Deputy of the chief designer – Smirnov G. D. Main developers: Maltsev N. A., Volkov L.I., Chalaydyuk M. F., Musclemen V.P., Astsaturov R. M.

ЕС 1020 ЗИТ-София настройка

The organization – the developer – NIIEVM Minsk. MRP USSR
Мanufacturer’s – Minsk COMPUTER plant “Ordzhonikidze”, Brest electromechanical plant, the Bulgarian “ZIT” plant – Sofia.
Year of the end of development – 1971.
Year of the beginning of release – 1971.
Year of cessation of production – 1975.
Scope: Computer centers of the enterprises, associations, departments. Scientific and technical and economical calculations.
Number of the released computers:
Minsk plant-595 of piece.
The Brest plant – 60 pieces.
Bulgarian “ZIT” plant – about 100 pieces.

Structure of the COMPUTER:

Architecture of the EU of EVM-1(ЕС ЭВМ-1).

A digit grid – 8 categories.

A set of teams – 144 teams of a standard set of teams of the EU of EVM-1.

The volume of the operational STORAGE on ferrite cores – 64 – 256 Kb.

Means of a direct control for creation of two-machine complexes.

The universal interface for communication with external devices.

Three selector channels.

Stores on replaceable magnetic disks with a capacity of 7.25 Mb.

Stores on magnetic tapes with a density of record of 32 pulse on mm.

Computing center – ZIT

ES-1020-B processor

Element base – integrated chips of a series 155 (Logician-2). Eight first types of chips of small extent of integration.
Design – three standard cases of the EU of EVM-1, a processor case, a food case, a case of the ferrite STORAGE. in each case 2 rotary frames with two panels everyone. Case sizes: 1200х750х1600 mm. Field-replaceable unit (FRU) 140х150 mm in size. (standard FRU EU of the COMPUTER) Air cooling by means of standard fans of the EU of the COMPUTER. Food from a set of standard power units of the EU of the COMPUTER.
Technology: Bilateral printed-circuit boards FRU – were produced by method of through metallization. Installation of panels was made by a price markup method. The mechanized preparation and installation of elements on FRU payment. Group soldering FRU wave. Semi-automatic installation of panels and the automated control of installation of panels of frames, cases. A number of the bench equipment allowing to mechanize operations.
Software. The mashines are delivered with  the disk operating system (DOS) including except the operating programs providing simultaneous passing of three working programs, translators from the Assembler languages, RPG, the Fortran-4, Kobol, PL-1, and also the system serving programs and system of test control of devices was delivered.
Technical and operational characteristics.

Productivity – 20 thousand operations per second on the mix Gibson-3.

The space occupied by the main set – 80-100 sq.m.

Working temperature of air – 5-40 °C.

The power consumed by the processor – 4.5 kVA.
Features of the COMPUTER. ES-1020-the first COMPUTER of Uniform system of the COMPUTER of the countries of the socialist commonwealth realizing completely the principles of work of the EU of the COMPUTER. The first COMPUTER which provided full information and program compatibility with the most widespread western COMPUTERS of general purpose.

Literature

Przhiyalkovsky V. V., Smirnov G. D., Maltsev N. A., Astsaturov R. M., Musclemen V.P., Golovan A.K. “The electronic ES-1020 computer”, Moscow, “Statistics” of 1975.
9 copyright certificates, the main thing – “System of data processing” of ampere-second are introduced. The USSR No. 433404 from 30. 02. 1974. Authors – Przhiyalkovsky V. V. Smirnov G. D. Maltsev N. A., etc.

     1. Electronic computer EU-1022. (Similar EU-1010M models, EC-1011, EC-1012, EC-1032, EC-1033, EC-1052)
2 Main constructor: Rostovtzeff I. K .; major designers: Krivonos MI, Shersheny VP, Chalaydyuk, MF, Korotchenya MI, Smirnov D. D., Lenkova VM, Kachkov VP
3 Organization-developer: Referee Association of plant EIM “GK Ordzhonikidze” NIIEIM Minsk. Office: Ministry of radio industry of the USSR.
Factory: Minsky plant EIM “GK Ordzhonikidze” MRP USSR; Brest Electromechanical Plant MRP USSR; Zit, Bulgaria, Sofia.

Year of completion of development: 1975.
Year of initial production: 1975.
Terminating the proceedings: 1982.
Areas of application: EU-1022 is an advanced model of the EU-1020 received widespread. Used for solutions to scientific, technical, economic, information and logical tasks in the mode of batch processing time division between consumer mode teleprocessing and remote access via telephone and telegraph channels.
Number produced machines from all manufacturers have produced a total of 3828 machines. This is the most widely spread EU in the countries of the Socialist camp.
Structure of EU.
EU architecture EU-set 1:
set commands – 144 commands a standard set of commands EU Series 1
width of processing – 16 binary digits,
width word of operational storage – 32 digits. Volume of RAM  of ferrite cores – 128-512 Kb.
Means to direct management to create dual-processor complexes.
Universal interface for connection to external devices. Two selector channels.
Disk subsystem shift magnetic disks with a capacity of 29 MB.
Band subsystem of the magnetic tape with the recording density of 64 pulses at 1 mm.
Element base: integrated circuits, series 155 ( “Logic 2”). Expanded nomenclature, including microcircuits with an average degree of integration.
Structure: three standard cabinet EU EIP-1 ​​processor cabinet, cabinet power cabinet ferritе main memory. In the cabinets on two opening frames with two panels each. Dimensions cabinet: 1200h750h1600 mm. Standard elements for replacement (TEZ) with dimensions 140h150 mm (standard TEZ-s EU EIM) Air cooling using standard ventilators EU EIM. Power set standard EU power units for EU.
Technology: double sided PCB TEZ(type element replacement) plants are prepared by the method of full metallization of holes. Installation of panels by the method of cornering. Mechanized preparation and installation of elements on TEZ. Total soldering TEZ-s of the solder wave. Semi-automatic installation of the panels and automated control of the installation on the frames and cabinets. Created test equipment to mechanize the operations of installation and control. Further developments in mechanization and automation of TEZ-ve. They are designed and prepared stands and KIP devices, primarily for TEZ memory. As a result onerous to prepare TEZ becomes minimal in the industry. Sophisticated are shaping methods for machining.
Software: machine delivered disk operating system (DOS 2.1), including himself except control programs, supporting simultaneous processing of three work programs Compilers Assembler, RPG, FORTRAN-4 Kobol, PL-1 well system utilities and kit maintenance programs. Provided  working with operating system OS 4.1.

China 1981

Technical specs: performance – 80 thousand. Operations per second mixture Gibson-3. Footprint of basic kit – 108 sq. Meters. Operating temperature air – 5-40oS. Power use the basic set of 25 kW.
Characteristics of EU. EU-1022: fully stored constructive and technological continuity with  EU 1020 and has a number of advantages:

Speed has increased 6 times;
Еxpanded Main Memory (RAM);
In production are used microcircuits series 155 ( “Logic 2”).

Books

Kachkov VP, Kondratyev AP, Lenkova VM, Rostovtzeff IK, Smirnov GD Elektronnaya vichislitelynaya machine EU-1022. M. Statistics, 1979.
Source: http: //www.computer-museum.ru/histussr/1-22.htm